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Presentation 5
0033
 

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0032


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ABSTRACT

2
VIDEO

3
SLIDES

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PAPER

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AUTHORS

SignWriting in Research

“The relevance of SignWriting
as a way of transcribing the
phonology of Sign Languages”


by
Msc. Roberto César Reis da Costa
and
Madson Barreto

Roberto César Reis da Costa

1 ABSTRACT PORTUGUESE ENGLISH


ENGLISH

“The relevance of SignWriting as a way of
transcribing the phonology of Sign Languages”

by
Msc. Roberto César Reis da Costa

Assistant Professor at Serviço Nacional
de Aprendizagem Industrial / Centro
Integrado de Manufatura e Tecnologia
(SENAI/CIMATEC) - Brazil
Speech and Language Therapist at
Associação Educacional
Sons do Silêncio (AESOS) - Brazil
roberto.fono@gmail.com

and

Madson Barreto
Co-founder and Teacher
at Libras Escrita - Brazil
madson@librasescrita.com.br
www.librasescrita.com.br

 

This lecture/paper aims at presenting the relevance of SignWriting (hereinafter called SW) as a way of transcribing the phonology of Sign Languages. In spite of using specifically examples from Brazilian Sign Language, the assumptions described may be applied to any sign language. For many years, Sign Languages were considered unwritten languages. In the last two centuries, researchers from several countries have tried to change this status. In 1822, Bébian published your book “Mimographie” in order to annotate the French Sign Language in terms of writing the following aspects: the handshape, the position on space, the place where the sign is executed, the action performed and the facial expressions (OVIEDO, 2007). A century later, in 1960, probably influenced by Bebian's work, Stokoe proposed his own notations' system for American Sign Language taking into account only three aspects (also known as parameters): Handshapes, Location and Movements. In his paper, Stokoe bequeathed to deaf and hearing people this system to write the American Sign Language, once he had proposed this as a tool for transcribing and analyzing sign languages through a "writing" system. Lately, many others systems has been created around the world (BARRETO & BARRETO, 2012), but one of them has been used for more than 40 countries (BUTLER, 2012): this is the 'SignWriting' system that was created by the american Valerie Sutton in 1974. This is a visual writing system specifically for writing and reading Sign Languages. The symbols of SW have an iconic structure, so that the internal logic enables you to write not only isolate signs and phrases, but also a complete book in any Sign Language (BARRETO & BARRETO, 2012). According to Sutton (1998) and Roald (2006), the SW is written in vertical columns from top to bottom, because this way the symbols can be stacked as in the human body making easier the writing and the reading. This system have symbols and spelling rules for it represents all Sign Languages' phonetic-phonological parameters: Handshapes, Orientations, Locations, Movements and Non-manual Expressions (QUADROS & KARNOPP, 2004). For the daily use, it is not necessary to write various prosodic details, only the “pure” sign according to Sign Language's syntactic rules. However, researches need more than what Bébian and Stokoe pointed; thinking about phonology, it is necessary to write phonetic-phonological details. Actually, many researches around the world have used videos recording, photos, drawings, glosses transcriptions and descriptive notes, but this seems to be insufficient. Costa (2012: 125) asserts that SW has to do with a visual-gesture language writing system. So through this system it is possible to transcribe not only signs with normal phonological processes, but also signs with deviant phonological processes. Once it's common to observe phonological processes in children who are acquiring sign language, transcribing signs using SW must be a good way of solving the problem of having not an "IPA" (International Phonetic Alphabet) for sign languages. In his thesis (Proposal of Phonological Assessment of Brazilian Sign Language - FONOLIBRAS), Costa (op. cit) has observed phonological processes (assimilation, elision, epenthesis and metathesis) by analyzing signs through the use of SW. We have thought that it is viable to create a "phonetic" alphabet to Sign Languages if and only if we will follow a prosodic model to analyze a sign language. The Prosodic Model was first proposed by Brentari (1990, 1998). In this model, the root to describe a sign is divided into inherent and prosodic features (BRENTARI, 1998). The inherent features encompass the articulator (A) and the place-of-articulation (POA), whereas the prosodic features encompass "the inventory of all underlying types of movement" (BRENTARI, 1998: 129).

REFERENCES

BARRETO, Madson; BARRETO, Raquel. Escrita de Sinais sem mistérios. Belo Horizonte: edição do autor, 2012.

BRENTARI, Diane. Theoretical foundations of American Sign Language phonology. Doctoral dissertation. University of Chicago, Chicago, 1990.

________. A prosodic model of Sign Language phonology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1998.
 
BUTLER, Charles. Re: Who we are?/ How many? Available in: <sw-l@listserv.valenciacollege.edu> Message received on: 08 Feb. 2012.

COSTA, Roberto C. R. Proposta de instrumento de avaliação fonológica da Língua Brasileira de Sinais: FONOLIBRAS. Dissertação (Mestrado). Salvador: Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Letras, 2012.

OVIEDO, Alejandro. Roch Ambroise Auguste Bébian (1789-1839): pionero de los estudios sobre la sordera, 2007. Disponível em: <https://www.cultura-sorda.eu/4.html> Acesso em 14 nov. 2011.

QUADROS, Ronice M.; KARNOPP, Lodenir B. Língua de sinais brasileira: estudos linguísticos. Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2004.

ROALD, Ingvild. Teng Skrift: innføring i tegnskrift. Bergen: Vestlandet Kompetansesenter, 2006. Available in: <https://www.signwriting.org/archive/> Access on: 01, July 2011.

STOKOE, William. Sign Language structure: an outline of the visual communication systems of the American deaf. 1960 in Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, vol. 10 nº 1, Press Oxford University, 2005.

SUTTON, Valerie. The importance of writing sign language down in columns. In: HOEK, Karen van. Writing ASL grammar in SignWriting®. Lesson two: writing spatial comparisons in ASL. La Jolla, CA: Center for Sutton Movement Writing, Inc. 1998. Available in: <https://www.signwriting.org/archive/> Access on: 30, June 2011.

...download PDF...


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PORTUGUESE

A RELEVÂNCIA DO SIGNWRITING COMO RECURSO PARA A TRANSCRIÇÃO
FONOLÓGICA DAS LÍNGUAS DE SINAIS

by
Msc. Roberto César Reis da Costa

Assistant Professor at Serviço Nacional
de Aprendizagem Industrial / Centro
Integrado de Manufatura e Tecnologia
(SENAI/CIMATEC) - Brazil
Speech and Language Therapist at
Associação Educacional
Sons do Silêncio (AESOS) - Brazil
roberto.fono@gmail.com

and

Madson Barreto
Co-founder and Teacher
at Libras Escrita - Brazil
madson@librasescrita.com.br
www.librasescrita.com.br

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar a relevância do SignWriting (doravante chamado SW) como uma forma de transcrição fonológica das Línguas de Sinais. Apesar de usar especificamente exemplos da Língua Brasileira de Sinias, os pressupostos descritos podem ser aplicados a qualquer Língua de Sinais. Por muitos anos, as Línguas de Sinais foram consideradas línguas ágrafas. Nos últimos dois séculos, pesquisadores de vários países têm tentato mudar seu status. Em 1822, Bébian publicou o seu livro "Mimographie" para fazer notações da Língua de Sinais Francesa em termos de escrever os seguintes aspectos: a forma da mão, sua posição no espaço, o lugar onde se executava o sinal, a ação executada e as expressões faciais (OVIEDO, 2007). Um século mais tarde, em 1960, provavelmente influenciado pelo trabalho de Bébian, Stokoe propôs seu próprio sistema de notação para a Língua de Sinais Americana levando em conta apenas três aspectos (também conhecidos como parâmetros): Configurações de Mão, Locação e Movimentos. Em seu artigo, Stokoe legou aos surdos e ouvintes este sistema para escrita da Língua de Sinais Americana, uma vez que ele tinha proposto isto como uma ferramenta para a transcrição e análise de língua de sinais através de um sistema de “escrita”. Desde então, muitos outros sistemas foram criados ao redor do mundo (BARRETO & BARRETO, 2012), mas um deles tem sido usado por mais de 40 países (BUTLER, 2012): este é o sistema ‘SignWriting’ que foi criado pela norte-americana Valerie Sutton em 1974. Este é um sistema de escrita visual especificamente para a escrita e leitura das Línguas de Sinais. Os símbolos do SW têm uma estrutura icônica, de modo que a lógica interna permite que você escreva, não só sinais ou frases isoladas, mas também um livro completo em qualquer língua de sinais (BARRETO & BARRETO, 2012). De acordo com Sutton (1998) e Roald (2006), o SW é escrito em colunas verticais de cima para baixo porque, desta forma, os símbolos podem ser empilhados como no corpo humano, tornando mais fácil a leitura e a escrita. Este sistema possui símbolos e regras de ortografia que representa todos os parâmetros fonético-fonológicos das Línguas de Sinais: Configurações de Mãos, Orientações de Mão, Locações, Movimentos e Expressões não manuais (QUADROS & KARNOPP, 2004). Para o uso diário, não é necessário escrever os detalhes prosódicos apenas o sinal “puro” conforme as regras sintáticas da Língua de Sinais. No entanto, precisam mais do que Bébian e Stokoe apontaram; pensando em fonologia, é necessário escrever detalhes fonético-fonológicos. Atualmente, muitas pesquisas ao redor do mundo têm usado gravação de vídeos, fotos, desenhos, transcrições por glosas e notas descritivas, mas isto não parece suficiente. Costa (2012: 125) afirma que o SW refere-se a um sistema de escrita das línguas visogestuais. Assim, através deste sistema, é possível transcrever não só sinais com processos fonológicos normais, mas também sinais com processos fonológicos desviantes. Uma vez que é comum observar processos fonológicos em crianças que estão adquirindo Língua de Sinais, transcrever sinais usando o SW deve ser uma boa forma de resolver o problema de não ter um “IPA” (Alfabeto Fonético Internacional) para as línguas de sinais. Em sua tese (Proposta proposta de Avaliação Fonológica da Língua Brasileira de Sinais - FONOLIBRAS), Costa (op. cit) tem observado processos fonológicos (assimilação, elisão, ênfase e metátese) a partir da análise dos sinais escritos por meio do SW. Acreditamos que seja viável a criação de um alfabeto “fonético” para as Línguas de Sinais se e somente se nós seguirmos um modelo prosódico para analisar uma Língua de Sinais. O Modelo Prosódico foi primeiramente proposto por Brentari (1990, 1998). Neste modelo, a base para a descrição de um sinal é dividida em traços inerentes e prosódicos (Brentari, 1998). Os traços inerentes englobam o articulador (A), e o local da articulação (POA), enquanto os recursos prosódicos abrangem “o inventário de todos os tipos de movimento” (BRENTARI, 1998: 129).
 

REFERÊNCIAS:

BARRETO, Madson; BARRETO, Raquel. Escrita de Sinais sem mistérios. Belo Horizonte: edição do autor, 2012.

BRENTARI, Diane. Theoretical foundations of American Sign Language phonology. Doctoral dissertation. University of Chicago, Chicago, 1990.

________. A prosodic model of Sign Language phonology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1998.
 
BUTLER, Charles. Re: Who we are?/ How many? Disponível em: <sw-l@listserv.valenciacollege.edu> Mensagem recebida em: 08 fev. 2012.

COSTA, Roberto C. R. Proposta de instrumento de avaliação fonológica da Língua Brasileira de Sinais: FONOLIBRAS. Dissertação (Mestrado). Salvador: Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Letras, 2012.

OVIEDO, Alejandro. Roch Ambroise Auguste Bébian (1789-1839): pionero de los estudios sobre la sordera, 2007. Disponível em: <https://www.cultura-sorda.eu/4.html> Acesso em 14 nov. 2011.

QUADROS, Ronice M.; KARNOPP, Lodenir B. Língua de sinais brasileira: estudos linguísticos. Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2004.

ROALD, Ingvild. Teng Skrift: innføring i tegnskrift. Bergen: Vestlandet Kompetansesenter, 2006. Disponível em: <https://www.signwriting.org/archive/> Acesso em 01 jul. 2011.

STOKOE, William. Sign Language structure: an outline of the visual communication systems of the American deaf. 1960 in Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, vol. 10 nº 1, Press Oxford University, 2005.

SUTTON, Valerie. The importance of writing sign language down in columns. In: HOEK, Karen van. Writing ASL grammar in SignWriting®. Lesson two: writing spatial comparisons in ASL. La Jolla, CA: Center for Sutton Movement Writing, Inc. 1998. Disponível em: <https://www.signwriting.org/archive/> Acesso em: 30 jun. 2011.

 ...download PDF...


Related Links

LibrasEscrita Web Site
https://www.librasescrita.com.br

LibrasEscrita on YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/user/LibrasEscrita

LibrasEscrita on Facebook
https://www.facebook.com/librasescrita

2 VIDEO
 
3 SLIDES
 

4 PAPER

 
5 AUTHORS

Msc. Roberto César
Reis da Costa

Assistant Professor at
Serviço Nacional
de Aprendizagem
Industrial / Centro
Integrado de Manufatura e Tecnologia,
Speech Therapist at
Associação Educacional
Sons do Silêncio
(AESOS) - Brazil

Download Biography

 
Madson Barreto Madson Barreto

Co-founder and Teacher at Libras Escrita - Brazil
www.librasescrita.com.br

Download Biography
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